The History Of Juvenile Gangs - 1913 Words

The History of Juvenile Gangs Jerry L. Page East Carolina University Oct 30, 2017 Juvenile Justice (Just 3200) Introduction Juvenile gangs are gangs in which a children normally from ages eight to seventeen are a part of a group, commonly known of as a gang, that often sells or does drugs, commits violent acts towards other citizens of their neighborhood or community, or cause major disruptions in school or other organized areas. This is a paper that will go on to discuss the history of juvenile gangs focusing on a few different points. Those points include but are not limited to the different types of gangs, the average age of juvenile gang members, social and environmental risk factors, and also the involvement of law enforcement†¦show more content†¦These gangs are politicized gangs, neo-Nazism gangs, and street gangs (Cox, S.M, 2014). Politicized gangs promote political change by making other citizens scared of them. Street gangs are commonly known to cause violence. Neo-Nazism gangs are known as â€Å"skinhead groups† that are commonly known for their hate crimes (Cox, S. M, 2014). These gangs may look different and may also function differently, but most of the time they all have something in common. That something is how they became members, or why they became members. Those involved in gangs usually become members by being â€Å"jumped in† as an initiation, easily brought in at a young age by a family member, they must go out in the streets and commit some kind of minor or serious crime, or they must be harmed with a weapon such as a knife by another member in the gang to join. With that being said, why would someone want to go through these things to join a gang? Why Juveniles Join Gangs Members join gangs for many different reasons. Some juveniles join gangs to have â€Å"street cred† or gain status amongst their friends or others in their community. Others join gangs for a sense of protection or to be a part of what they call a brotherhood. There are even some juveniles who join gangs simply because they see what other gangs have. Those things range from anything such as jewelry, nice vehicles, loads of money and nice clothes and they want those things as well, so by joining, theseShow MoreRelatedEssay On Juvenile Gangs973 Words   |  4 Pages The History Of Juvenile Gangs Jerry L. Page East Carolina University Introduction The History Of Juvenile Gangs Gang Types Over the course of history, there have been many gangs that have come to light. There are three different types of gangs that have been around for many years. These gangs are politicized gangs, neo-Nazism gangs, and street gangs. Politicized gangs promote political change by making other citizens scared of them. Street gangs are commonly known to cause violenceRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And Juvenile Delinquency1610 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, is participation in illegal behavior by minors8. A juvenile delinquent in the United States is a person who is typically under the age of 17 and commits an act that otherwise would have been charged as a crime if they were an adult. Depending on the type and severity of the offense committed, it is possible for persons under 18 to be charged and tried as adults. Juvenile crimes can range from status offenses (such as underage smoking), toRead MoreJuvenile Gang Pros And Cons1510 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept of Juvenile gang’s is not unknown to the world. They can be found in any corner of the world and any ethnic/racial background. Gangs have been around since humans learned how to get into organized groups. This was about around the time of the middle ages. In fact, the first recorded history of such gangs was in the city of London (Sheldon., Tracy and Brown, 1996). For America, it was not until the early 1800s when juvenile gangs became a problem (Sheldon., Tracy and Brown, 1996). ThisRead MoreThe Role Of Gangs On The Criminal Justice System1587 Words   |  7 PagesBrendan O’Callaghan 2/24/16 Juvenile Justice Gangs Assessed Juveniles’ participation in gangs is an ongoing issue continuing to face the Unites States of America’s criminal justice system in modern society. The first active gangs to appear within Western society were inscribed by a respected chronicler of crime in Britain 1873. Gangs first emerged into American society around 1783 as the American Revolution drew to a close. More serious street gangs, however, did not surface until the early partRead MoreContributing Factors to Juvenile Delinquency1620 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile delinquency, according to Agnew and Brezina, is the violation of the law by a minor which is any persons under the age of 18 in most states. There are many contributing factors to juvenile delinquency such as domestic issues or stress at school, and there are also four different theories, strain, social learning, control, and labeling, to explain the different prospective of why it is thought that juveniles commence in delinquent behavior. This pa rticular discussion however, is going toRead MoreUnique Juvenile Situations Faced by Correctional Officers1315 Words   |  6 PagesRUNNING HEAD: UNIQUE SITUATIONS WHEN DEALING WITH JUVENILES Unique Situations When Dealing With Juveniles Corrections Professor Sunshine Richards Juvenile crime rates have been a main concern for law enforcement officials throughout the past several decades. â€Å"Over the past several decades, the number of juvenile arrests have been relatively stable except for increases in juvenile violent crime, as murder arrests for juvenile offenders increased by 93 percent during the 1980s and arrestsRead MoreYouth Gang Prevention Efforts : A Two Pronged Prevention843 Words   |  4 PagesYouth Gang Prevention Efforts A two-pronged prevention approach has proven effective, with primary prevention strategies aimed at the community s general population and secondary prevention strategies targeting youth between the ages of 7 and 14 who are at high risk of joining gangs. Prevention efforts undertaken by law enforcement departments around the country include: â€Å"Participating in community awareness campaigns (e.g. developing public service announcements and poster campaigns). ContactingRead MoreSummary : Youth Gang And Violence1615 Words   |  7 PagesIskuhi Kalantaryan Juvenile Delinquency Sunday, March 27, 2016 Analytic Essay Youth Gang and Violence Delinquent Behavior â€Å"Gang† â€Å"Youth Gang† and â€Å"Street Gang† are just labels used to describe young people consisting of three or more individuals organized to achieve a typical objective and who share a common identity. There is no single and universally accepted definition of gang, gang member and gang activities in the United States, howeverRead MoreSocial And Environmental Issues Of Juvenile Delinquency980 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many problems that contribute to the social and environmental issues of juvenile delinquency. Several factors are youths brought up in poverty stricken and gang infested neighborhoods, exposure to drugs, violence, physical, mental, and emotional abuse, no parental guidance and neglect. A large number of these children commit violent crimes and more than 700,000 are a part of gangs. 40 percent of the juveniles who are incarcerated in America are detained and locked up for minor offenses andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lapd Gang Enforcem ent Detail1402 Words   |  6 PagesXander L. is a 17 year old documented by the LAPD Gang Enforcement Detail (G.E.D.) as a known Black P Stone Bloods gang member. He lives with his mother in the housing projects located in the lower Baldwin VIllage Crenshaw reporting district 363. Xander has no contact with his father, and his mother works two jobs--making supervision of Xander difficult. Multiple radio calls have been generated on Xander s behalf by his mother and neighbors resulting in multiple LAPD reports. Xander dropped out

The Role and Importance of Stakeholders in an Organization Free Essays

Student to be able to define and discuss the role and importance of stakeholders in an organization and their ability to influence the performance of the organization. Answer In general, a stakeholder can be one of two types: internal (within an organization) or external (outside of an organization). They can affect the firm’s vision and mission, are affected by the strategic outcomes achieved, and have enforceable claims on the firm’s performance. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role and Importance of Stakeholders in an Organization or any similar topic only for you Order Now A stakeholder is typically concerned on the organisation’s results to meet its financial objectives The 3 stakeholders are : †¢Capital Market Stakeholder is shareholders and lenders that expect the firm to preserve and enhance the wealth they have entrusted to it and the returns are commensurate with the degree of risk accepted to hence their wealth to be maximized. Dissatisfied lenders may impose stricter in borrowing of capital and dissatisfied shareholders may reflect their concerns by selling off their stocks.By keeping its interest of both stakeholders, the firm must know how to balance with its concerns for the firm’s future competitive ability. †¢Product Market Stakeholder is customers, suppliers, host communities and union officials that can share few commons interests and benefits as firm engage in competitive battles. ?Customers – demand reliable products at low prices. ?Suppliers – seek loyal customers willing to pay highest and sustainable prices for goods and services. Host communities – firm willing to be long-term employers and providers of tax revenues while minimizing demands on public support services. ?Union officials – secure jobs and desirable working conditions.Product market stakeholders are generally satisfied when a firm reaches the balance of profit margin between the returns to capital market stakeholders and the returns in which they share. Organizational stakeholder is employees that expect the firm to provide a comfortable with rewarding work environment and with the opportunities training to those who willing to learn more to achieving their objectives where they are satisfied in their growing and actively developing their skills. Knowledgeable workers are critical to the firm’s success as they are the competitive weapons that affecting the strategic implementation and the firm’s performance. How to cite The Role and Importance of Stakeholders in an Organization, Papers

The INterview Essay Example For Students

The INterview Essay C. K.:To start out, what is your name?C. K.:Was that your residence when you were a teenager?W. B.:Yes, until I was 17 years old when I served the country. C. K.:Did you live with both of your parents when you were young?W. B.:Oh no, he didnt make it, he wasnt in that age group. W. B.:Yes, he had a couple of brothers that were in WWI. We will write a custom essay on The INterview specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now C. K.:Did they ever tell you or him stories that you can remember?W. B.:No, other than I remember him saying something about the trenches over in France. They fought unlike we do today. C. K.:Did you guys have electricity back then?W. B.:Well the earliest I remember we did not have electricity. The earliest I remember, I must have been about 3 years old, I have a picture of me and my mother and father when I was 2 years old. And we lived out in Rougemont and there was no electricity there at that time. And I remember we had a well across the street. We had to walk across the street to draw water from the well. C. K.:So, you said you were in WWII, any war stories?W. B.:Oh yes, one time I got a brain concussion, a skull fracture I was sent back to Eya Heights Hospital in Pearl Harbor, there I spent about six months. When I went back to duty, I went into a destroyer. Later I went to be a radio electrician. C. K.:What about the attack on Pearl Harbor, what do you remember about that?W. B.:I was at home in Rougemont at the time when the bombing went on. But my older brother was in Pearl Harbor on the USS West Virginia. He was a member of the crew. C. K.:Did he tell you specific details about Pearl Harbor?W. B.:Uh, no. Well he did say he was not on duty that morning, he was on liberty in Honolulu, and he was not on the ship when it got sunk. C. K.:In WWII did you have any close calls?W. B.:Yes, just that one I told you about earlier. W. B.:One daughter lives in Arizona the other lives here in Durham. It was around 1955, 1956. C. K.:How did you support the family?W. B.:I was a hard working person, I operated a TV shop in Roxboro. I worked long hours. My wife was a nurse, she worked at the hospital in Roxboro. Things werent so bad. Things were really touch and go back when I was 5 or 6 years old. When the depression came along. Course we were poor. People now adays, they cant quite survive on the way that we lived. I remember my father worked ten hours a day, and got paid very little money, but supported seven children. W. B.:Well, we had a garden, a cow, and a pig. We made out pretty good. My mother worked in the garden, and when the kids were old enough to work the garden they worked the garden. I also remember when I was going to school as a child 6 or 7 years old, I remember carrying my buttermilk to school in a little mason jar that fits underneath the windowsill. My lunch I would carry in a paper sack. I would be lucky to have a paper sack, people cant quite grasp that. I would fold up my paper sack very neatly and bring it home, and I could carry my lunch the next day. And thats the way we did it, we survived. We didnt go hungry. But I remember when a meal would be made from thick gravy; fat back, some grease, and flour would make brown gravy. And that would be the meal. I remember meals with buttermilk and cornbread crumbled up in it. I remember meals from molasses, molasses butter, it was a good meal. I remember Saturdays would be for special occasions. We could buy a can of salmon and it c ost 10, and mix with some flour and make salmon patties, we would have a gourmet type meal. We would buy one pepsi-cola for 5, you could make a big pitcher of tea, pour that one pepsi-cola into the tea, and we would have pepsi-flavored tea. A lot of people

Enterprise Resource Planning Essays

Enterprise Resource Planning Essays Enterprise Resource Planning Essay Enterprise Resource Planning Essay Master of Business Administration MBA Semester 3 OM0011 – Enterprise Resource Planning Assignment Set 1 Q1. What is Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)? What are the advantages of ERP? â€Å"Enterprise Resource Planning:  An accounting oriented information system for identifying and planning the enterprise-wide resources to make, ship and account for customer orders. † Again in Internet encyclopedia, it has defined as: â€Å"An enterprise planning system is an integrated computer based application used to manage internal and external resources, including tangible assets, financial resources, material and human resources†. Basically, an ERP combines several traditional management functions into a logical integrated system and facilitate flow of information across these functions. It is designed to model and automate basic processes across the organization over a centralized database and eliminates the need of disparate systems maintained by various units of the organization. The successful implementation of an ERP system will have many advantages, as indicated below: Business integration and Improved Data Accuracy:  ERP system is composed of various modules/ sub modules where a module represents a particular business component. If data is entered in one module such as receiving, it automatically updates other related modules such as accounts payable and inventory. This updating occurs at real time i. e. at the time a transaction occurs. Since, data needs to be entered only once at the origin of transaction, the need of multiple entries of the same data is eliminated. Likelihood of duplicate/ erroneous data is, therefore, minimized. The centralized structure of the data base also enable better administration and security provisions, which minimizes loss of sensitive data. Planning and MIS:  The various decision support tools like planning engines and simulations functions, form integral part of an ERP system which helps in proper utilization of resources like materials, human resources and tools. Constrained based planning help in drawing appropriate production schedules, thereby improving operation of plant and equipment. As a part of MIS, an ERP system, contains many inbuilt standard reports and also a report writer which produce ad hoc reports, as and when needed. Improved Efficiency and Productivity:  In addition to provision of improved planning, ERP system provides a tremendous boost to the efficiency of day to day and routine transactions such as order fulfillment, on time shipment, vendor performance, quality management, invoice reconciliation, sales realization, and cash management. Cycle time is reduced for sales to cash and procurement to pay sequences. Establishment of Standardized Procedures:  ERP system is based on processes of international best practices, which are adopted by the organizations during implementation. Department silos are purged and maverick practices are done away with. Because of top down view available to management, chances of theft, fraud and obsolescence are minimized. Flexibility and technology:  Due to globalized environment, where production units, distribution centers and corporate offices reside in different countries, organizations need multi currency, multi language and multi accounting modes, in an integrated manner. These provisions are available in most of the ERP systems, particularly in products offered by tier 1 and tier 2 vendors. ERP vendors are also quick to adopt latest technologies, from mainframe to client server to internet. Unlike a bespoke system, Upgrading to latest technology for a running ERP system is uncomplicated, involving mostly adoption of service packs and patches. Q2. What is business modeling? Explain. Business modelling or creating a business model is one of the first activities in any ERP project. As mentioned earlier, the ERP systems should be a replica of the organisation’s business processes. A business model is not a mathematical model, but it is a representation of the business as one large system showing the interconnections and interdependencies of the various subsystems and business processes as shown in Figure. . 4. Figure 2. 4: Real World and the Business Model Based on the organisation’s goals, objectives, and strategic plans, a business model consisting of the business processes is developed. Different individuals in the organisation (the people) control these business processes to achieve common goals. Based on the business model the ERP system is developed with the aim of providing the required information and necessary assistance to the various individuals in an organisation. This helps them perform their business processes more effectively and efficiently. In business modelling, we model the business as an integrated system, taking the processes managing its facilities and materials as resources. Information is a very important resource and is very critical in managing all the other resources. Thus, the business model is a representation of the actual business, the various business functions of the organisation, the relation that exists between them, the manner in which they are interdependent, and so on, to achieve a common goal or objective. The business model is usually represented in the graphical form using flow charts and flow diagrams. The data model of the system is created from the business model. For example, in a small scale automation industry the order bagged by the marketing is passed on to planning department. From here the actual production starts and it has to be cautiously tracked by the planning department. It is the responsibility of the planning department to request the design department to release the drawings and the requirements for the production department. Once the released documents reach the production department, it has to ensure that it allocates man power and a time plan for the manufacturing of the product. Planning has a time schedule of its own for the manufacturing, which has to be planned in accordance to the production department, and has to be informed to the marketing department. Production has to check for the availability of the required items for production from stores and if in case there is any shortage it has to be informed both to the planning and purchase through a proper channel, so that the requirements can be brought in as early as possible. Once the product leaves from production to quality department and then to packing, the information about the status of work and the product description should be available to the planning department. Thus you can see how each department has to work coordinating to each other and the essence of communication between the departments. As important as process planning, market planning is very crucial phase of business modelling. Since, market planning also has an important role when it comes to decision making in large organisation on market strategy. So that it can enable the organisation to successful meet commercialisation requirements according to changing market trend. Its main concern is how decision taken on certain issues can change the company’s revenues and its profit margins. Hence, planning is a crucial element of business model for this to achieve an ERP system is suppose to be capable of handling information not only about the process of various departments but it needs to track the company’s market performance and the company’s product competency compared to its competitors in the market and allow the management to take decision quickly and effectively. Q3. Write short notes on ERP tools and softwares. Before the evolution of ERP model, each department in an enterprise had its own isolated software application that did not interface with any other system. Such isolated framework could not synchronise the inter-department processes and hence hampered the overall productivity, speed, and performance of the organisation. This situation led to issues such as incompatible market standards, lack of synchronisation, incomplete understanding of the complete enterprise functioning, unproductive decisions and so on. For example, the finance department could not coordinate with the procurement team to plan out purchases as per the availability of money. Hence, deploying a comprehensive ERP system across an organisation leads to performance increase, workflow synchronisation, standardised information exchange within departments, complete overview of the enterprise functioning, global decision optimisation, speed enhancement and so on. ERP system is built on a centralised database utilising a common computing platform. It consolidates all business operations into a uniform enterprise wide system environment. An ERP system can either reside on a centralised server or be distributed across modular hardware and software units that provide services and communicate on a local area network. The distributed design allows a business to assemble modules from different vendors without the need for the placement of multiple copies of complex and expensive computer systems in areas which will not use their full capacity. ERP systems integrate all the departments and functions across a company onto a single computer system that can serve all the departments needs. There are two types of ERP software packages. Open Source ERP software and Commercial ERP software. Some of the differences between the two software are as follows. Table 4. 1 shows the differences between commercial and open source ERP. Differences between Commercial and Open Source ERPs ERP Tools There are several ERP software manufacturers. Prominent manufacturers of ERP software are SAP, Oracle Corporation, PeopleSoft, JD Edwards, Lawson, etc. SAP has the major share in the ERP market and next comes the Oracle Corporation. Oracle has acquired JD Edwards, People Soft, and more recently Siebel and competes with SAP in the ERP market. Table 4. 2 lists the popular ERP Tools and their respective vendors. Table 4. 2: ERP Tools and respective vendors Q4. Describe Materials Requirement Planning (MRP). Initially, manufacturing industries viewed Materials Requirement Planning MRP as a better method for ordering components than the independent demand inventory models they had been using during the 1950s and 1960s. However, it has evolved into a comprehensive priority planning system. MRP provides a method that helps keep order due dates valid, even after the orders have been released to the shop floor or outside vendor. MRP systems can detect when is the order due date, the date the order is scheduled to arrive, is out of alignment with its need date, and the date the order is actually required. During the 80s, techniques for helping to plan capacity requirements were tied up with MRP. Tools were developed to assist the planning of aggregate production levels and the development of anticipated production schedules. Systems to aid in executing the plans were incorporated in shop floor control for the  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœin-house factory’  and vendor scheduling for the  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœoutside factories’. The expanded MRP system became known as closed loop MRP. Since, it provided feedback from the execution function to the planning functions, so manufacturers could change plans when necessary. Expanded-closed-loop MRP was practiced to provide the ability to translate the operating plan expressed in manufacturing terms of units (kilograms) into financial terms (rupees). They even have the potential to simulate the effects of various plans in terms of both units and rupees. The new system, which was called Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP-II), was a comprehensive approach for the effective planning of all the resources of a manufacturing organisation. Materials and production planning is critical to the success of a manufacturing company. A company can have the best and the newest manufacturing facilities, product design, the latest equipment. Along with all the latest production technologies like CAD/CAM, robotics, automated guided vehicles (AGVs), and so on but the company had no ability to compete. MRP has proved to be an effective production and inventory planning system in a wide variety of environments. For a successful MRP system three types of information are very essential and they are:   Master Production Schedule (MPS)  · Bill of Material (BOM)  · Inventory Records (IR) Q5. Briefly explain the features of ERP – Purchase module. Features of Purchase Module The Purchase module helps to improve your purchasing function. This module controls the inventory purchasing side of your business. You can track purchase orders, supplier prices, and quantities on order. With the usage of Purchase module you can increase your inventory efficiency and eliminate costly shortages. Features of the purchase module include:  · Streamlining purchase and process cycles  · Capturing materials requirement  · Creating quotations from various suppliers  · Providing a detailed Supplier/Subcontractor/Service Provider database  · Recording Payment terms in PO Allowing order cancellation and order closing  · Enabling multiple delivery schedules, Quotation validity and multiple indents for multiple items in a single PO  · Enabling quality inspection of goods  · Containing complete import functionality with handling of custom details Purchase Bill for import, excise consideration in imports  · Providing Order tracking reports for complete control o n procurement cycle  · Providing Management Information System (MIS) for vendor evaluation based on quality, price and delivery time Efficient purchase management processes provide uyers with advanced tools for analysing supplier patterns in terms of price and delivery terms. This also enables them to adopt adequate measures once unfavourable circumstances are encountered. It assists in taking informed decisions and maintaining control throughout the procurement cycle. This module can handle all purchasing and subcontracting activities such as inviting quotations, supplier evaluation, placing purchase order, order scheduling, and billing. Q6. What are the benefits and limitations of ERP Inventory Management? Benefits and Limitations of ERP Inventory Management ERP inventory management system has many benefits. Some of them include:  · Tracking of orders from the point the order is received to its release.  · Facilitating appropriate communication between different areas.  · Reducing the threat of loss of information.  · Providing a ‘top down’ summary of the mechanism of a company.  · Setting up an outline of security to protect against theft from external or within a company. Replacing old and primitive paper based systems that improves efficiency. Limitations of ERP Inventory Management ERP inventory management helps an organisation in many ways. However, it also has some limitations. They are:  · Limited customisation  · Expensive  · Not friendly with every type of business like small organisations.  · Harder to fix responsibility as it is a company-wide system that connects all areas  · When all departments in a company are not willing to share informa tion, maintenance of sensitive data can disturb the work flow

What the President of the United States Does

What the President of the United States Does The President of the United States or â€Å"POTUS† functions as the head of the United States federal government. The president directly oversees all agencies of the executive branch of government and is considered the commander-in-chief of all branches of the  United States Armed Forces. The executive powers of the president are enumerated in Article II of the U.S. Constitution. The president is indirectly elected by the people through the  electoral college system to a four-year term. The president and vice president are the only two nationally elected offices in the federal government. The president may serve no more than two four year terms. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits any person from being elected president for a third term and prohibits any person from being elected to the presidency more than once if that person previously had served as president, or acting president, for more than two years of another persons term as president. The primary duty of the president of the United States is to make sure that all U.S. laws are carried out and that the federal government is run effectively. Although the president may not introduce new legislation - thats the duty of Congress - he does wield veto power over all bills that are approved by the legislature. In addition, the president has the weighty role of commander in chief of the armed forces. As the nations chief executive, the president oversees foreign policy, making treaties with foreign nations and appointing ambassadors to other nations and to the United Nations, and  domestic policy, dealing with issues within the United States, and economic. He also appoints members of the Cabinet, as well as Supreme Court justices and federal judges. Day-To-Day Governance The president, with Senate approval, appoints a Cabinet, which oversees specific facets of government. Members of the Cabinet include - but are not limited to - the vice president, the presidential chief of staff, the U.S trade representative, and the heads of all the major federal departments, such as the secretaries of state, defense, the Treasury, and the attorney general, who leads the Justice Department. The president, along with his Cabinet, helps set the tone and policy for the entire executive branch and how the laws of the United States are enforced. Legislative Duties The president is expected to address the full Congress at least once a year to report on the State of the Union. Although the president does not have the power to enact laws, he does work with Congress to introduce new legislation and carries a great deal of power, particularly with members of his own party, to lobby for legislation he favors. If Congress should enact a law that the president opposes, he may veto the legislation before it can become law. Congress may override the presidential veto with a two-thirds majority of those in attendance in both the Senate and House of Representatives at the time the override vote is taken. Foreign Policy The president is authorized to make treaties with foreign nations, pending Senate approval. He also appoints ambassadors to other countries and to the United Nations, though those, too, require Senate confirmation. The president and his administration represent the interests of the United States abroad; as such, he often meets with, entertains and develops a relationship with other heads of state. Commander in Chief of the Military The president serves as commander in chief of the nations armed forces. In addition to his powers over the military, the president has the authority to deploy those forces at his discretion, with congressional approval. He may also ask Congress to declare war on other nations. Salary and Perks Being president is not without its perks. The president earns $400,000 per year and is, traditionally, the highest-paid federal official. He has use of two presidential residences, the White House and Camp David in Maryland; has both an airplane, Air Force One, and helicopter, Marine One, at his disposal; and has a legion of staff members including a personal chef to assist him in both his professional duties and private life. Retirement: Pension and Perks Under the Former Presidents Act of 1958, former Presidents of the United States who were not been removed from office due to impeachment receive several lifetime retirement benefits. Before 1958, former presidents received no pension or other retirement benefits, whatsoever. Today, former presidents are entitled to a pension, staff and office expenses, medical care or health insurance, and Secret Service protection. Briefly, former presidents receive a taxable pension equal to the annual salary of the President’s Cabinet secretaries and heads of other executive branch departments, currently $210,700 per year. The pension begins immediately after a president’s departure from office. Former first ladies may also be paid a lifetime annual pension of $20,000 if they relinquish any other pensions the might be eligible to receive. In addition, former presidents are entitled to- at their option- office space, staff, and communications systems. In some cases, these extra benefits can add up to more than the annual pension payment itself. For example, the federal fiscal year 2018 budget requests for the former presidents include $536,000 for office space for former President Barack Obama and $68,000 for travel for former President George H.W. Bush. Risky Job The job is certainly not without its risks. The president and his family are given round-the-clock protection by the Secret Service. Abraham Lincoln was the first U.S. president to be assassinated; James Garfield, William McKinley, and John F. Kennedy were also assassinated while in office. Andrew Jackson, Harry Truman, Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan all survived assassination attempts. Presidents continue to receive Secret Service protection after they retire from office. Phaedra Trethan is a freelance writer who also works as a copy editor for the Camden Courier-Post. She formerly worked for the Philadelphia Inquirer, where she wrote about books, religion, sports, music, films, and restaurants. Updated by Robert Longley

Benefits of Assessment Centers for Organizations Research Paper

Benefits of Assessment Centers for Organizations - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that the commonest application of assessment is in measuring management employees’ performance, especially for interpersonal competencies. The assessment centers help determine the specific competencies in an individual employee through a series of techniques and methods that include both individual and group activities. The assessors determine an individual’s performance against other employees. Many analysts affirm that assessment centers are very effective in measurement interpersonal skills. An assessment center puts employees through work-like conditions involving individual and team activities and tests that offer the best simulation of real work situations for monitoring and measurement of key competencies. Assessment centers are critical in determining the competency of employees. Competency is a broad term referring to a set of skills, knowledge, individual behaviors and how they auger with the job specification of th e employee under consideration. The interplay of factors in every employee is critical for the overall success of the organization. In addition, assessment centers help organizations to determine the most important skillsets for the organization with regard to the management. For instance, an employee’s willingness to delegate, works in a team, take risks, and take personal initiative. Assessment centers are also great in selecting employees who can provide the best performance for particular jobs. The organization can therefore choose employees for jobs that are most fitting and improve the organizational performance. An assessment center also aids in developing and identifying fresh potential for the organization’s top supervisory jobs (Boehm, 1982), particularly in cases where other methods fail, given its superior ability to reveal an employee’s interpersonal skills. Finally, an assessment center helps identify competencies needing further development and co nsequently help in appraising of employees, which can help in career development. This report analyzes assessment center as an assessment tool and examines its implementation considerations for an organization. A description of the Assessment Center Approach A number of factors, which articulate its goal, underlie the assessment center approach to measuring organizational performance. For an organization to implement an effective assessment center, it needs to identify the competencies necessary for its future employees (Rupp & Reynolds, 2009). In addition, the management has to come up with means to determine the competencies that the current employees possess. Finally, one of the most vital phases in the overall design of the assessment center is the identification of competencies gap, and the eventual process of developing means of bridging this gap. By identifying gaps in an individual’s set of competencies, the organization can help nurture these skills in employees to i mprove their performance, for instance with regard to knowledge and skills. Implementing an Assessment Center for the Organization A number of factors come into play before an organization can effectively implement an assessment center. First, the organization has to find appropriate and experienced raters to conduct the assessment. According to Coffee (2005), in the industrial settings, 3 to 6 assessors assess 6 to 12 candidates over a period of 3 days. Secondly, the organization has to identify an all-encompassing set of assessment techniques, which ensure that the assessment goes on successfully and comprehensively covers all areas of relevance in the study. Normally, the assessment methods are either written or oral. The written exercises include in-basket

Report on Religious Field Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Report on Religious Field - Research Paper Example This discussion is meant to investigate and discuss the misconceptions that people have about Buddhism religion. It will further, analyze the prior understanding about this religion, and if misconceptions about other people’s religion are common Buddhism exists in two different factions, Theravada, which is referred as school of elders and Mahayana. Theravada is found in Sri Lanka on the South-eastern side Asia and Mahayana is on the Eastern side of Asia. However, Buddhism is highly concentrated in Asia; it is scantly found in other parts of the world. The teachings of Buddhism differ in the kind on the course of freedom. The main teachings are on the dependent initiation and no self. The basis of this religion is the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha. Association with any of those courses is an indication of being a Buddhist (Christopher, 2000). Misconceptions of Buddhism religion Buddhist is pagans Pagan is a term used to refer to people who do not ascribe to God commonly accepted by the Christian God. Buddhist on their part does not relate themselves to God or gods. Instead, Buddhist relates their faith to Dharma, which is not an idol. Buddhist concerns itself about the truth. Conversely, to other religion when an negative eventuality occur, Buddhist will not raise question as to such, this is because Buddhist do not belief in supreme being like the other religion that believe that there is a supernatural power that have control over everything. Buddhist concerns themselves with appreciation of happenings that take place in ones in life (Kuo, 2008). Idea of Reincarnation This misconception is appreciable. For instance, Tibetans Buddhists holds the belief of being born again and in different class of life higher than the one a person occupied before he died. There is a misconception, which might lure a person to believing Tibetan Buddhism symbolizes Buddhism in entirety. Shin Buddhist appreciate the belief of reincarnation in the same way as other people beli eve in their god but the difference is they do not give it much thought. The common ground of all Buddhist is concern about the truth, which exists in nature, and people ought to appreciate (Kuo, 2008). Kuo ( 2008) argues that Buddhist appreciate anguish, the argument behind this is the perception that Buddhist stands for the truth and honesty. Suffering is a common thing in nature, and the truth about this should not be dispelled in the minds of human beings. Lack of appreciation of this belief is seen by Buddhist as escapism. Buddhists do not appreciate suffering as an opportunity to learn through encounters. Further, to the Buddhist suffering is seen as a positive phenomenon that a person should experience in order to learn from it. Buddhist dressing in robes is another misconception. This is attributed to the time of the Hare Krishna a faction that was very evident. In the 70s and 80s when this faction used to be in many places that it was very simple to identify them in their r obes. Most of the American may have been lured into believing that the Faction of the Hare Krishna was Buddhists. While the Buddhists, Tibetan monks and the priests wear robes during religious ceremonies, the other followers of the religion wear normal clothes. Buddhist is a unique religion in that it encourages meditation. The forms of meditation one may involve in depend on